Do you really understand science？One article tells you what is science, pseudo -science, scienceism
What is science?What pseudo science?What is scientificism?In the era of science, if you do not understand these most basic concepts, you will be fooled by those scientific liar with the banner of science.
1, Theory and practice
If you want to understand the concept of science, first start with theory and practice.The relationship between theory and practice is: theory can be used to explain practice, but the two are different.Practice will not be wrong, only practice and expectations are consistent.The theory can be wrong, and it is wrong when it does not match the practice.When it is consistent with practice, we can only say that it is correct for the time being.
Taking moxibustion as an example, moxibustion is a practice, not theory.There are many cases of effective moxibustion treatment, which cannot be denied.However, according to these cases, it is difficult to say whether it is correct.
Of course, the theory of wrong is not worthless. If it can explain the practice to a certain extent, it is valuable to a certain extent.As we all know, Newton’s law is a very good theory, but it is actually only applicable to macro low -speed state, and it is wrong under high -speed and micro.But it does not mean that Newton’s law is worthless.
Moxibustion also has related theories, such as what diseases can be treated somewhere in moxibustion.It should be said that it is not always effective, but it is not always invalid.Therefore, these theories have their value, and the value of value depends on its effective probability.It is very valuable to be effective in 90%of effective medical theory.If only 30%of effective medical theory, although the value is much less, it still has certain value.The probability of many medical methods widely accepted by modern medical theory is not as good as that.
There is no absolutely correct theory.Only temporarily explain the theory of practice.
2,science
The so -called science can be summarized in one sentence: it is to put forward the theory and then put it in practice to test, and then return to modify the process of cycle as a cycle according to the results of the test.For detailed discussion, see “Practice theory”.
The real scientific attitude is: neither support a theory nor deny a theory, but let objective practice be ruled everything.—— Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.
Science is not a static thing, but a attitude of looking at the objective world.
Understanding this basic concept, scientificism has nowhere to hide.
Some people, they believe in the scientific theory that is generally accepted at present, thinking that these are absolutely correct.If only there is, at most it is a nerd.But the extremes of the extremes try to deny all the facts and views that cannot be explained by these theories. This is scientists.Scientificism can be understood as a religious belief, which is not essentially different from the religion worshiped by other idols, but it is just a different deity tribute to their shrine.
Scienceism has nothing to do with science, and its behavior is typical of anti -science.The bad news is that scientificism is not uncommon in today’s Chinese society.
We can neither deny science because of the behavior of scientists, nor can we accept the rigidity and extremes of scientists because they believe in science.
3,fake-science
The foundation of science is the fact, and the so -called pseudo -science is based on forgery.Taking moxibustion as an example, I have heard such a saying: “Moxibustion combustion can release an infrared ray of a special wavelength, and the human meridian can just receive infrared rays of this wavelength.”
Although it is not 100%to determine that it is pseudo -science, what is the so -called special wavelength?Which meridian can the human meridian receive?What are the specific performance of receiving this wavelength?Without these specific data, it is propaganda, and it feels that it is a high probability of pseudo -science.Because these practices are likely to exist, they are completely fabricated.
By the way, there are many pseudo -sciences about Chinese medicine, and the example will not be lifted.This is related to the traditional advocating mysteriousism in Chinese culture.Supporting Chinese medicine does not mean supporting pseudo -sciences under the banner of traditional Chinese medicine.
By the way, there are also many pseudo -sciences on Western medicine. For example, the “acid -alkali physical theory” revealed in the past few years is a typical pseudo -scientific science based on fabricating facts.
The errors of pseudo -science and science theory cannot be confused.These theories are based on real practice.The most typical thing is that the heart is a theory that is right when explaining a lot of daily phenomena on the earth. Even now people are accustomed to using the context in daily life.But it is wrong to explain the phenomenon of the solar system.This is the limitations of any theory, not pseudo -science.
Finally, summarize the focus of the previous article:
Everything starting from practice is science, and the process of theory and practical interaction is a scientific method.
The incomplete theory and practice are the breakthrough points that theory needs to be.
ScientificismIt is a kind of anti -scientific religious superstition. Its typical feature is that it is absolutely correct to believe that the existing scientific theory is absolutely correct.
The theory obtained by the actual situation may be wrong (but it may have its value within the scope), and the theory made according to the practice of fabrication is pseudo -science.
Report/feedback